{"id":29381,"date":"2015-11-10T23:46:29","date_gmt":"2015-11-10T21:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.evanjelik.sk\/?p=29381"},"modified":"2025-09-12T19:09:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T17:09:14","slug":"kostnicka-iskricka-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/2015\/11\/10\/kostnicka-iskricka-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kostnick\u00e1 iskri\u010dka &#8211; 2: Pok\u00e1nie \u00e1no, odpustky nie&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V stredovekej spolo\u010dnosti nebol M. J\u00e1n Hus prv\u00fd, ktor\u00fd volal po n\u00e1prave\u00a0<i>\u201cv hlave i v \u00fadoch\u201d.\u00a0<\/i>Nebol n\u00edm dokonca ani John Viklef (J\u00e1n Viklef), oxfordsk\u00fd profesor a jeho anglick\u00fd predchodca v snahe o reformu cirkvi. Nielen z\u00e1padn\u00e1 cirkev, ale aj spolo\u010dnos\u0165 potrebovali reformy ako \u010derstv\u00fd vzduch. V cirkvi vl\u00e1dlo nap\u00e4tie u\u017e od r. 1309, ke\u010f sa p\u00e1pe\u017ei pres\u00eddlili z R\u00edma do franc\u00fazskeho Avignonu. Tu zast\u00e1vali \u00fazke z\u00e1ujmy franc\u00fazskeho kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho dvora, na \u00fakor in\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov a kraj\u00edn. V tomto kroku koren\u00ed aj tzv. storo\u010dn\u00e1 anglicko &#8211; franc\u00fazska vojna. J. Viklef, svoj\u00edm postupn\u00fdm pr\u00edklonom k P\u00edsmu sa stal uzn\u00e1van\u00fd evanjelick\u00fd doktor (\u201cdoctor evangelicus\u201d). Kritikou p\u00e1pe\u017ea, mor\u00e1lneho \u00fapadku a sv\u00e4tokupectva stelesnen\u00e9ho v pred\u00e1van\u00ed odpustkov si J. Viklef vysl\u00fa\u017eil tvrd\u00e9 odmietnutie. Jeho knihy a my\u0161lienky boli zakazovan\u00e9 a niektor\u00e9 t\u00e9zy ozna\u010den\u00e9 ako kac\u00edrske. Napokon pr\u00e1ve koncil v Kostnici (1414 -1418), tridsa\u0165 rokov po Viklefovej smrti, nariadil jeho pozostatky vykopa\u0165 z posv\u00e4tenej zeme, sp\u00e1li\u0165 na hranici a popol vysypa\u0165 do rieky. Toto ods\u00fadenie v Kostnici teda predch\u00e1dzalo Husovo ods\u00fadenie a up\u00e1lenie i ke\u010f sa realizovalo a\u017e nesk\u00f4r. Biskup Flaming tak urobil na jar v roku 1428, ke\u010f jeho pozostatky dal sp\u00e1li\u0165 a popol vysypa\u0165 do rieky Swiftu k\u00a0<i>\u201cprekliatiu a zni\u010deniu jeho pamiatky\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div>Viklefove spisy ovlivnili aj Husa a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch profesorov na Karlovej univerzite. J\u00e1n Hus si preto dok\u00e1zal predstavi\u0165 svoj \u00fadel v pr\u00edpade, ak svoje, v mnohom zhodn\u00e9 u\u010denie, neodvol\u00e1. Po\u017eadoval to najsk\u00f4r pra\u017esk\u00fd arcibiskup Zby\u0148ek z Hasenburgu a potom aj p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fd&nbsp; s\u00fad&nbsp;<i>(rota)<\/i>&nbsp;na koncile. T\u00fdm viac vynik\u00e1 Husovo odhodlanie a \u010distota jeho chrakteru. Form\u00e1lnu zhodu my\u0161lienok s anglick\u00fdm reform\u00e1torom mo\u017eno vidie\u0165 aj v rovnkom n\u00e1zve ich kn\u00edh&nbsp;<i>O cirkvi&nbsp;<\/i>a&nbsp;<i>O sv\u00e4tokupectve&nbsp;<\/i>, v ktor\u00fdch kritizovali stav cirkvi a spolo\u010dnosti. Obaja videli d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 pok\u00e1nia, ktor\u00e9 \u017eiadali v mene Krista od vedenia cirkvi, k\u0148aztva, pospolit\u00e9ho \u013eudu, ale aj od mocn\u00fdch tohoto sveta. P\u00e1pe\u017ei d\u00e1vali v\u0161ak prednos\u0165 odpustkom a ich v\u00fdnosn\u00e9mu predaju. Predreform\u00e1tori to jasne spoznali ako nebiblick\u00fa prax, ktor\u00e1 je proti z\u00e1konom Hlavy cirkvi, ktorou je Je\u017ei\u0161 Kristus.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div>Mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee kostnick\u00fd koncil sa reformn\u00fdm nestal, ale stal sa uk\u00e1\u017ekou zneu\u017eitia moci a z\u00e1\u013eubou p\u00e1li\u0165 nielen knihy, ale aj ich autorov.&nbsp;<b>Na<\/b>&nbsp;<b>hranici v Kostnici skon\u010dil 30.m\u00e1ja 1416&nbsp;<\/b>aj majster \u0161tyroch univerz\u00edt, priate\u013e a mlad\u0161\u00ed Husov spolupracovn\u00edk&nbsp;<b>Jeron\u00fdm Pra\u017esk\u00fd.&nbsp;<\/b><\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div>Za obrovsk\u00fa hanbu, mor\u00e1lne i vierou\u010dn\u00e9 zlyhanie stredovekej&nbsp; cirkvi mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 najm\u00e4 v\u00fdmysel o opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed svetsk\u00e9ho panovania p\u00e1pe\u017ea. Prinieslo zjavn\u00e9 zneu\u017eitia, boj o moc v podobe najsk\u00f4r dvojp\u00e1pe\u017estva a potom aj trojp\u00e1pe\u017estva. V dobe Husovej to boli traja s\u00faperiaci p\u00e1pe\u017ei: avignonsk\u00fd Benedikt XIII, Gregor VII. a J\u00e1n XXIII., mu\u017e m\u00e1lo po\u010destnej minulosti. Na koncile boli odvolan\u00ed n\u00e1tlakom r\u00edmskeho a uhorsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea \u017digmunda, ktor\u00fd t\u00fa\u017eil aj po cis\u00e1rskej korune z r\u00fak jedn\u00e9ho, legit\u00edmneho p\u00e1pe\u017ea. N\u00edm sa stal kardin\u00e1l a nezmierite\u013en\u00fd sudca Husov Oddo Colonna s menom Martin V. Bol s\u00edce kardin\u00e1lom, ale nebol k\u0148azom, dokonca ani diakonom. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci koncilu mali o pekn\u00e9 predstavenie postaran\u00e9. 11.11.1417 bol po vo\u013ebe v piatok vysv\u00e4ten\u00fd za diakona, v sobotu za k\u0148aza a v nede\u013eu za biskupa. Tomu sa hovor\u00ed z\u00e1vratn\u00e1 kariera. Hor\u0161ie dopadol J\u00e1n XXIII. Pokus o \u00fatek mu nevy\u0161iel a skon\u010dil napokon v tom istom v\u00e4zen\u00ed, kde predt\u00fdm posadil J. Husa. Miesto sa volalo Gottlieben (mil\u00e9 Bohu). To je viac ako ir\u00f3nia osudu. To bol osobn\u00fd Bo\u017e\u00ed s\u00fad.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div>Odpustky boli p\u00f4vodne ur\u010den\u00e9 pre kri\u017eiakov, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eili oslobodi\u0165 Jeruzalem a Sv\u00e4t\u00fa zem z r\u00fak moslimov. Tieto akcie skon\u010dili fiaskom. Iste nie je bez zauj\u00edmavosti, \u017ee tak, ako to Hus predpovedal:&nbsp;<i>\u201cHus s\u00edce upe\u010diete, ale labu\u0165, ktor\u00e1 o sto rokov pr\u00edde po mne &#8211; nie\u201d<\/i>&nbsp;. Bol \u0148ou Dr. Martin Luther, ktor\u00fd br\u00e1nu reform\u00e1cii otvoril pr\u00e1ve v\u00fdzvou diskutova\u0165 o p\u00e1pe\u017eskom vyn\u00e1leze &#8211; odpustkoch. Luther e\u0161te jasnej\u0161ie zd\u00f4raznil v\u00f4\u013eu P\u00e1na Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista, ke\u010f v \u00favode k t\u00e9zam o odpustkoch zd\u00f4raznil z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 stanovisko:&nbsp;<i>\u201cKe\u010f n\u00e1\u0161 P\u00e1n a Majster povedal: \u201dPok\u00e1nie \u010di\u0148te\u201d(Mt 4,17), tak chcel, aby cel\u00fd \u017eivot veriaceho bol pok\u00e1n\u00edm.\u201d&nbsp;<\/i><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Lutherov \u010din, ktor\u00fd nesie v sebe u\u017e jasn\u00fd z\u00e1rodok hlb\u0161ieho teologick\u00e9ho poznania, v\u010faka Bohu, u\u017e nebol uml\u010dan\u00fd. To, \u010do tlelo ako iskra v popole, to vy\u0161\u013eahlo jasn\u00fdm plame\u0148om Lutherov\u00fdm premyslen\u00edm, odv\u00e1\u017enym a Kristovi poslu\u0161n\u00fdm dielom 31. okt\u00f3bra 1517. O tomto Lutherovom \u010dine zasv\u00e4tene rozpr\u00e1va aj najnov\u0161ia publik\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 vy\u0161la t.r. v \u010cech\u00e1ch z pera na\u0161ich u\u010db\u00e1rov z EBF, s n\u00e1zvom: \u201c95 v\u00fdpoved\u00ed Dr. Martina Luthera;\u00a0\u00a0<b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ekalich.cz\/produkt\/4820-95-vypovedi-Dr-Martina-Luthera-Maly-spis-velke-zmeny\/index.htm\">Mal\u00fd spis &#8211; ve\u013ek\u00e9 zmeny<\/a>&#8222;. <\/b>Stoj\u00ed za n\u00e1mahu pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 si jej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd obsah. Pok\u00e1nie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre \u017eivot cirkvi i ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s aj dnes. Pravda, tak\u00e1to v\u00fdzva vyvol\u00e1va \u010dasto podobn\u00e9 odozvy ako v stredoveku. Snahu uml\u010da\u0165 inform\u00e1cie a t\u00fa\u017ebu prilo\u017ei\u0165 nejak\u00e9 polienko na pomyseln\u00fa hranicu t\u00fdch, \u010do Kristovu v\u00fdzvu k pok\u00e1niu dne\u0161n\u00fdm \u201cobro\u010dn\u00edkom\u201d pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V stredovekej spolo\u010dnosti nebol M. J\u00e1n Hus prv\u00fd, ktor\u00fd volal po n\u00e1prave\u00a0\u201cv hlave i v \u00fadoch\u201d.\u00a0Nebol n\u00edm dokonca ani John Viklef (J\u00e1n Viklef), oxfordsk\u00fd profesor a jeho anglick\u00fd predchodca v snahe o reformu cirkvi. Nielen z\u00e1padn\u00e1 cirkev, ale aj spolo\u010dnos\u0165 potrebovali reformy ako \u010derstv\u00fd vzduch. V cirkvi vl\u00e1dlo nap\u00e4tie u\u017e od r. 1309, ke\u010f sa &#8230; <a title=\"Kostnick\u00e1 iskri\u010dka &#8211; 2: Pok\u00e1nie \u00e1no, odpustky nie&#8230;\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/2015\/11\/10\/kostnicka-iskricka-2\/\" aria-label=\"Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac o Kostnick\u00e1 iskri\u010dka &#8211; 2: Pok\u00e1nie \u00e1no, odpustky nie&#8230;\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29381"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38453,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29381\/revisions\/38453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}