Pred 800. rokmi, v roku 1215, p\u00e1pe\u017e Inocent III. vyhl\u00e1sil v Z\u00e1padnej cirkvi u\u010denie o eucharistii ako om\u0161ovej obeti s dogmou o prepodstatnen\u00ed (transubstanci\u00e1cii), s be\u017en\u00fdm dodatkom, \u017ee kto by veril a tvrdil inak, je kac\u00edr. O prij\u00edman\u00ed laikov pod oboj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom nemohlo by\u0165 ani re\u010di. Zdalo by sa, \u017ee vtedaj\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia nemohli u\u010den\u00fdm di\u0161put\u00e1ciam\u00a0a scholastick\u00fdm trakt\u00e1tom rozumie\u0165. Netreba v\u0161ak podce\u0148ova\u0165 \u00faprimn\u00fa n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa vieru \u013eudu a pozorn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00favanie slov P\u00edsma v k\u00e1z\u0148ach tam, kde predsa len zaznelo. V Prahe tak\u00fdm kazate\u013eom bol Konr\u00e1d Waldhauser,<\/b> ktor\u00e9ho Postila bola \u010doskoro z nemeck\u00e9ho jazyka prelo\u017een\u00e1 i do \u010de\u0161tiny. Ohlas vzbudil aj Mil\u00ed\u010d z Kromer\u00ed\u017ea <\/b>a najm\u00e4 par\u00ed\u017esky majster Matej z Janova.<\/b> V poslednej \u010dasti svojho diela Pravidl\u00e1 SZ a NZ<\/i>\u00a0 sa venoval u\u017eito\u010dnosti, ba priamo nutnosti \u010dast\u00e9ho prij\u00edmania sviatosti olt\u00e1rnej aj laikmi. Mnoh\u00fdm neu\u0161lo, \u017ee slov\u00e1 Kristove: \u201cPite z neho v\u0161etci<\/i>\u201d s\u00fa interpretovan\u00e9 tak, \u017ee v\u00edno z kalicha bolo vyhraden\u00e9 len celebruj\u00facemu k\u0148azovi a ostatn\u00e9mu \u013eudu len chlieb, \u010di\u017ee hostia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pov\u00e1\u017elivou skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou bolo, \u017ee pra\u017esk\u00e1 synoda vydala 19. okt\u00f3bra 1388 v\u00fdnos proti \u010dast\u00e9mu prij\u00edmaniu eucharistie.<\/b> Cirkev sa viac – menej z praktick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov uspokojovala so spove\u010fou a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm prij\u00edman\u00edm raz ro\u010dne. Hlboko veriacim to ale nesta\u010dilo.\u00a0Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 neodbytn\u00e9 boli \u017eeny, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 bekyne<\/i>. V Prahe, aj inde sa stret\u00e1vali v domoch, ktor\u00e9 patrili niektorej z nich. Proti tejto \u201cskazonosnej\u00a0otrave mysle veriacich\u201d v<\/i>yst\u00fapil najsk\u00f4r arcibiskup Jan z Jen\u0161teina <\/i>a synoda povolila prij\u00edmanie laikov najviac raz za mesiac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zalo\u017eenie Betlehemskej kaplnky v Prahe v roku 1391 prinieslo mo\u017enos\u0165 k\u00e1za\u0165 tu v\u00fdlu\u010dne po \u010desky. Betlehemsk\u00e1 kaplnka sa stala miestom mnoh\u00fdch reformn\u00fdch sn\u00e1h, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v \u010dase p\u00f4sobenia J\u00e1na Husa a jeho priate\u013ea Jakoubka zo Striebra. Bol to pr\u00e1ve tento univerzitn\u00fd majster a kazate\u013e ktor\u00fd vtedy, ke\u010f J\u00e1n Hus pri\u0161iel do Kostnice a bol 28. novembra 1414 uv\u00e4znen\u00fd, zaviedol v Prahe prij\u00edmanie Ve\u010dere P\u00e1novej pod oboj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom aj pre \u013eud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jakoubek tak neurobil n\u00e1hodou. Ot\u00e1zkou sa dlh\u0161ie zaoberal a poznal aj t\u00fa\u017eby \u013eudu, ktor\u00fd u\u017e dlho ve\u013emi hlboko pre\u017e\u00edval eucharistiu a nach\u00e1dzal v tejto sviatosti \u017eivotn\u00fa posilu. Bola to aj t\u00fa\u017eba po prekonan\u00ed form\u00e1lnej \u00fa\u010dasti na obradoch vtedaj\u0161ej ofici\u00e1lnej cirkvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Novinka, prij\u00edmanie z kalicha, p\u00f4sobila z\u00e1palne. \u00da\u010das\u0165 na prij\u00edman\u00ed sa stala masovou. T\u00fa\u017eba prij\u00edma\u0165 pod oboj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom (sub utraque specia)\u00a0<\/i>sa mimoriadne r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edrila z Prahy na vidiek. Povestn\u00e9 sa stali p\u00fate na hory, kde sa prisluhovalo pod oboj\u00edm. Behom kr\u00e1tkej doby sa rozhoreli \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 polemiky medzi jeho z\u00e1stancami a odporcami. Je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee v tomto kroku ide o n\u00e1vrat k p\u00f4vodn\u00e9mu biblick\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu prvotnej cirkvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
J\u00e1n Hus s\u00edce horlivos\u0165 Jakoubka brzdil presl\u00e1ven\u00fdm: \u201dKubo, nekvap s t\u00edm\u201d,<\/i> vn\u00fatorne s n\u00edm v\u0161ak s\u00fahlasil. Spr\u00e1vy o prij\u00edman\u00ed \u013eudu z kalicha do Kostnice priniesli aj \u010desk\u00ed k\u0148azi, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li na koncil. V takejto situ\u00e1cii bolo zbyto\u010dn\u00e9, aby sa Hus tejto ot\u00e1zke vyh\u00fdbal. Preto sa v t\u00fdch d\u0148och k ot\u00e1zke kalicha vyjadril kladn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm ot\u00e1zky (kvestie): Zda je v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm laik\u00fam prospe\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmat krv Kristovu ve zp\u00fasobu v\u00edna. <\/i>Pou\u017eitie zhodn\u00fdch cit\u00e1ci\u00ed i argumentov z Jakoubkova trakt\u00e1tu na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu i k\u00e1zne Mikul\u00e1\u0161a z Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fan ukazuje, tieto diela si priviezol so sebou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea sv\u00e4tosv\u00e4t\u00e9ho koncilu kostnick\u00e9ho bola to pr\u00e1ve ot\u00e1zka ch\u00e1pania eucharistie, ktor\u00e1 Husovi v procese zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pri\u0165a\u017eila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na druhej strane novozvolen\u00fd p\u00e1pe\u017e Martin V. v roku 1418 vydal dve buly proti kalichu a husitsk\u00e9mu kac\u00edrstvu a vyz\u00fdval k pr\u00edsnemu prenasledovaniu kac\u00edrov inkviz\u00edciou. Asi o mesiac nesk\u00f4r nov\u00e1 bula hrozila \u010deskej \u0161\u013eachte kri\u017eiackou v\u00fdpravou. Husovi st\u00fapenci boli nepriate\u013emi posme\u0161ne naz\u00fdvan\u00ed husitmi. Oni sami v\u0161ak mali na svojich z\u00e1stav\u00e1ch jasn\u00fd znak – \u010derven\u00fd kalich! Odtia\u013e je aj ich n\u00e1zov kali\u0161n\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1pas o kalich zostal najtypickej\u0161\u00edm znakom Husov\u00fdch st\u00fapencov nielen v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Napokon, po mnoh\u00fdch bojoch a z\u00e1pasoch bol kalich z\u00e1konne povolen\u00fd v \u0161tyroch pra\u017esk\u00fdch artikul\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa stali\u00a0programom husitsk\u00e9ho hnutia. Pravda, tento \u00fastupok utrakvistom bol iba taktick\u00fd a do\u010dasn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00factu a vieru v eucharistiu dokazuje aj snaha husitov o zavedenie detsk\u00e9ho prij\u00edmania Ve\u010dere P\u00e1novej. Presved\u010denie, \u017ee aj deti, aj ke\u010f nech\u00e1pu e\u0161te rozumom, maj\u00fa ma\u0165 \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na sviatosti, sa roz\u0161\u00edrilo a\u017e po Husovej smrti. T\u00e1to snaha nadobudla tak\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa intenzitu ako samotn\u00fd z\u00e1pas o kalich. Katol\u00edcka cirkev, naopak, obe snahy odmietala. Ot\u00e1zkou Ve\u010dere P\u00e1novej sa po Lutherovej reform\u00e1cii zaoberal aj Tridentsk\u00fd koncil v druhej polovici 16.storo\u010dia. Prij\u00edmanie pod oboj\u00edm bolo ponechan\u00e9 na rozhodnutie p\u00e1pe\u017ea, ktor\u00fd ho zamietol. Povolen\u00e9, op\u00e4\u0165 iba do\u010dasne, bolo iba pre Uhorsko a tak aj Slovensko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kie\u017e zostane aj pre n\u00e1s tento nebesk\u00fd dar a prav\u00fd kres\u0165ansk\u00fd sp\u00f4sob u\u017e\u00edvania sviatosti pod\u013ea Kristovho pr\u00edkazu a zas\u013e\u00fabenia vz\u00e1cnym zdrojom duchovnej sily a milosti Bo\u017eej. (www.evanjelik.sk, \u013euba)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Pred 800. rokmi, v roku 1215, p\u00e1pe\u017e Inocent III. vyhl\u00e1sil v Z\u00e1padnej cirkvi u\u010denie o eucharistii ako om\u0161ovej obeti s dogmou o prepodstatnen\u00ed (transubstanci\u00e1cii), s be\u017en\u00fdm dodatkom, \u017ee kto by veril a tvrdil inak, je kac\u00edr. O prij\u00edman\u00ed laikov pod oboj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom nemohlo by\u0165 ani re\u010di. Zdalo by sa, \u017ee vtedaj\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia nemohli u\u010den\u00fdm di\u0161put\u00e1ciam\u00a0a … \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29411"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38450,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29411\/revisions\/38450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}