{"id":32097,"date":"2018-12-20T23:58:14","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T22:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-anjelik.sk\/?p=32097"},"modified":"2018-12-20T23:58:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T22:58:14","slug":"oblatkove-zeleza-z-roku-1613","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/2018\/12\/20\/oblatkove-zeleza-z-roku-1613\/","title":{"rendered":"Obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1 z roku 1613"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1 z roku 1613<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Povolanie evanjelick\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013ea v stredoveku bolo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Na jednej strane cirkevn\u00e1 vrchnos\u0165 \u017eiadala od u\u010dite\u013ea univerzitn\u00e9 vzdelanie, napr\u00edklad z Wittenbergu. Po skon\u010den\u00ed univerzity absolvent neraz \u00faporne h\u013eadal pracovn\u00e9 miesto, preto\u017ee \u0161koly neboli v\u0161ade. Preto niektor\u00ed pracovali v z\u00e1mo\u017enej\u0161\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch ako s\u00fakromn\u00ed u\u010ditelia, alebo hudobn\u00edci. Niektor\u00ed sa dostali do cirkevn\u00fdch zborov v mest\u00e1ch, alebo vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch dedin\u00e1ch, kde boli kostoly a \u0161koly. U\u010dite\u013e (rektor, rechtor) bol d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkom zborov\u00e9ho far\u00e1ra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Svoje povinnosti si u\u010dite\u013e plnil nielen v \u0161kole, ale neraz suploval aj obecn\u00e9ho not\u00e1ra, ke\u010f\u017ee jeho plat bol oby\u010dajne ve\u013emi n\u00edzky. U\u010dite\u013e musel by\u0165 najsk\u00f4r prijat\u00fd do pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho senior\u00e1tu (kontubernia) a tu podp\u00edsa\u0165 kontuberi\u00e1lne z\u00e1kony a pravidl\u00e1. Musel tie\u017e z\u00edska\u0165 vok\u00e1tor, \u010di\u017ee zmluvu o svojich pr\u00e1vach a povinnostiach v cirkevnom zbore. Viacer\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o postaven\u00ed u\u010dite\u013ea v evanjelick\u00e1ch a.v. cirkevn\u00fdch zboroch sa dozved\u00e1me z kanonick\u00fdch vizit\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vali po \u017dilinskej synode 1610 traja zvolen\u00ed biskupi (superintendetni), ktor\u00ed sa do vizit\u00e1c\u00ed\u00ed pustili s ve\u013ekou horlivos\u0165ou. V nitrianskej superintendencii to bol Iz\u00e1k Abrahamides (Hrochotsk\u00fd), ktor\u00fd 12. j\u00fala 1612 nav\u0161t\u00edvil Soboti\u0161te.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Z tejto vizita\u010dnej z\u00e1pisnice sa dozved\u00e1me o finan\u010dnom zabezpe\u010den\u00ed k\u0148aza i u\u010dite\u013ea (rektora, rechtora). \u010casto sa v t\u00fdchto z\u00e1pisniciach opakuje:\u201d M\u00e1 \u017eivnost svou u pana far\u00e1\u0159e\u201d\u2026 <\/i>a potom sa spom\u00ednaj\u00fa aj jeho \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4chodky. Znamenalo to, \u017ee zborov\u00fd far\u00e1r sa musel postara\u0165 nielen o ubytovanie, ale aj o stravovanie mlad\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013ea. Neraz trvalo aj viac rokov, k\u00fdm sa uvo\u013enilo nejak\u00e9 far\u00e1rske miesto, na ktor\u00e9 mohol biskup ordinova\u0165 a vysla\u0165 absolventa univerzity, ktor\u00fd medzi t\u00fdm z\u00edskal aj dobr\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti a mohol sa sta\u0165 duchovn\u00fdm pastierom.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Jedna z \u00faloh, ktor\u00fa u\u010dite\u013e konal bola tak\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 s\u00edce vo vok\u00e1tore uveden\u00e1 by\u0165 nemusela, ale zbory ju \u010dasto o\u010dak\u00e1vali, alebo aj vy\u017eadovali. Bolo to pe\u010denie viano\u010dn\u00fdch obl\u00e1tok pre rodiny cirkevn\u00edkov. Obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1, ako sa v tom \u010dase naz\u00fdval pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd \u201cn\u00e1stroj\u201d na pe\u010denie viano\u010dn\u00fdh obl\u00e1tok (oplatkov) neboli v dom\u00e1cnostiach be\u017en\u00e9 ako je to \u010dasto dnes, ke\u010f sa pe\u010d\u00fa obl\u00e1tky aj v inom ako viano\u010dnom \u010dase. Obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1 boli len spolo\u010dn\u00e9, oby\u010dajne cirkevn\u00e9. P\u00e1n rektor kr\u00e1tko pred Vianocami mal \u010do robi\u0165, aby pripravil dostato\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det obl\u00e1tok k \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00e9mu stolu do ka\u017edej rodiny. Mal v\u0161ak k dispoz\u00edcii \u017eiakov, ktor\u00ed mu pri pe\u010den\u00ed pom\u00e1hali a potom obl\u00e1tky aj rozn\u00e1\u0161ali. Mal z toho aj ur\u010dit\u00fd mal\u00fd pr\u00edjem. Nielen \u201cp\u00e1n rechtor\u201d, ale aj \u017eiaci, preto\u017ee rodiny ich obdarili nejak\u00fdm gro\u0161om, alebo natur\u00e1lnym darom, ktor\u00fd sa k Vianociam hodil. Okrem tejto \u00falohy piec\u0165 viano\u010dn\u00e9 obl\u00e1tky do rod\u00edn, bola tu aj \u00faloha upiec\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det obl\u00e1tok z ktor\u00fdch sa vystrihovali mal\u00e9 obl\u00e1tky k prisluhovaniu Ve\u010dere P\u00e1novej. Preto v\u0161ade tam kde bol kostol, opatrovali a chr\u00e1nili ako oko v hlave aj obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Nebolo to inak ani v meste\u010dku Soboti\u0161te, kde bol v stredoveku pomerne ve\u013ek\u00fd evanjelick\u00fd cirkevn\u00fd zbor. V starom kostole \u017eelez\u00e1 opatroval kostoln\u00edk. Kostoln\u00edcka slu\u017eba bola vtedy nielen d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, ale aj v\u00e1\u017een\u00e1. \u010co sa v\u0161ak nestalo. V roku 1613 kostoln\u00edk v Soboti\u0161ti, pred sviatkom Vst\u00fapenia zistil z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fa a nepr\u00edjemn\u00fa vec. Niekto obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1 z kostola odcudzil. Kostoln\u00edk to okam\u017eite nahl\u00e1sil p\u00e1novi rechtorovi Mikul\u00e1\u0161ovi Smetanovi, ktor\u00fd bol vtedy v Soboti\u0161ti obecn\u00fdm not\u00e1rom. Mal aj pomocn\u00edka Ondreja Mr\u00e1za. P\u00e1n rechtor podal nepr\u00edjemn\u00fa spr\u00e1vu svojmu nadriaden\u00e9mu, far\u00e1rovi Melchiorovi Vi\u0161\u0148ovsk\u00e9mu (Wy\u0161novskych), ale aj richt\u00e1rovi meste\u010dka Soboti\u0161te. V roku 1613 <\/b>bol za richt\u00e1ra zvolen\u00fd Martin Vanek <\/b>(Va\u0148kovych). <\/b>Richt\u00e1ra vtedy naz\u00fdvali aj fojt. Bolo to pomenovanie be\u017en\u00e9 pomenovanie na susednej Morave i \u010cech\u00e1ch. V latinsk\u00fdch listin\u00e1ch sa pou\u017e\u00edval aj titul judex, sudca, ke\u010f\u017ee v pr\u00e1vomoci richt\u00e1ra bolo nielen stara\u0165 sa o veci obecn\u00e9 a cirkevn\u00e9, ale aj s\u00fadi\u0165 a tresta\u0165 men\u0161ie previnenia proti obecn\u00e9mu poriadku.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>V\u0161etci zainteresovan\u00ed boli z tejto udalosti nepr\u00edjemne vyru\u0161en\u00ed. Ve\u013emi dobre a spr\u00e1vne tu\u0161ili, odkia\u013e asi vietor f\u00faka. Na hrade Bran\u010d a v jeho okol\u00ed sa zdr\u017eiavalo v tom \u010dase cis\u00e1rske vojsko. Dom\u00e1ci cis\u00e1rskych vojakov naz\u00fdvali jednoducho \u201cNemci\u201d. V\u0161etky vojsk\u00e1, nielen opozi\u010dn\u00e9, ako boli napr\u00edklad povstaleck\u00e9 \u010daty Bo\u010dkajov\u00fdch hajd\u00fachov, ktor\u00e9 cez obec prech\u00e1dzali rabova\u0165 na Moravu, ale aj vojsk\u00e1 cis\u00e1rske oby\u010dajne nedost\u00e1vali dostato\u010dn\u00fd \u017eold a preto si be\u017ene \u201cprilep\u0161ovali\u201d kr\u00e1de\u017eami, vydieran\u00edm a rabovan\u00edm dom\u00e1ceho obyvate\u013estva. Obce a meste\u010dk\u00e1, ak mali z \u010doho, rad\u0161ej sa vopred s vojakmi dohodli na nejakom \u201cv\u00fdpalnom\u201d a poskytli vojakom dobrovo\u013ene jedlo a ich ko\u0148om obrok a seno. Ak si za\u010dali vojaci bra\u0165 natur\u00e1lie sami, neraz to skon\u010dilo ve\u013emi zle. \u00dapln\u00fdm vyrabovan\u00edm, ba i smr\u0165ou sedliaka, ktor\u00fd sa br\u00e1nil, lebo nemal dos\u0165 potrav\u00edn ani pre svoju rodinu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Aj nemeck\u00ed \u017eoldnieri sa potulovali po dedine. Za\u0161li nielen do hab\u00e1nskaho dvora, kde sa dohovorili po nemecky, ale u majetnej\u0161\u00edch hab\u00e1nov na\u0161li potraviny sk\u00f4r, ako v domoch poddansk\u00fdch. Neraz brali v\u0161etko, \u010do im pri\u0161lo pod ruku. Ani kostoly neboli v\u00fdnimkou. Ukradnut\u00e9 veci potom na inom mieste spe\u0148a\u017eili a tak z\u00edskali gro\u0161 aj na \u201ctr\u00fanok\u201d. Kto v\u0161ak mohol vojakov obvini\u0165 z kr\u00e1de\u017ee, ak neboli prichyten\u00ed pri \u010dine? Naviac, ke\u010f\u017ee ich pobyt trval u\u017e dlh\u0161ie, bolo mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee niekde v okol\u00ed, alebo na bl\u00edzkej Morave obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1 u\u017e predali.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Hovorievalo sa: \u201cKe\u010f je bieda najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia, pomoc Bo\u017eia najbli\u017e\u0161ia\u201d. <\/i>Tak pri\u0161la aj soboti\u0161\u0165anom pomoc. Na hrad Bran\u010d ( vtedy sa hovorilo \u201cna z\u00e1mek\u201d)<\/i>, pri\u0161li dedin\u010dania z ne\u010falek\u00e9ho Osusk\u00e9ho. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdmto vojaci \u017eelez\u00e1 pon\u00fakli a oni ich pomerne lacno, za 2 a pol zlatky od vojakov k\u00fapili a niesli si ich domov. Bolo to pr\u00e1ve vo sviatok Vst\u00fapenia Krista P\u00e1na na nebes\u00e1 v roku 1613.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Cestou sp\u00e4\u0165 sa zastavili v dedinke Bukovec. Tu ich zastavil prietr\u017ek\u00fd fojt, p\u00e1n richt\u00e1r J\u00e1n Muc, ktor\u00fd sa tie\u017e uberal na z\u00e1mok. Hne\u010f zis\u0165oval, ako sa to stalo, \u017ee maj\u00fa pri sebe vec, ktor\u00e1 zjavne mohla poch\u00e1dza\u0165 len z kostola. Ke\u010f zistil, ako k obl\u00e1tkov\u00fdm \u017eelez\u00e1m pri\u0161li, vyplatil im vydan\u00fa sumu dva a pol zlat\u00e9ho a \u017eelez\u00e1 im odobral. Nedovolil ich vynies\u0165 za hranice hradn\u00e9ho panstva, preto\u017ee Osusk\u00e9 patrilo u\u017e do panstava susedn\u00e9ho, korl\u00e1tskeho. P\u00e1ni z hradu Korl\u00e1tko by mu nedovolili \u010doko\u013evek podnika\u0165 na ich \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Zanedlho potom pri\u0161iel do Prietr\u017ee Petr\u00e1\u0161 Kulhav\u00fdch (Petr\u00e1k), soboti\u0161tsk\u00fd mlyn\u00e1r a dozvedel sa tu o tejto akcii p\u00e1na fojta J\u00e1na Muca. Ten vyhl\u00e1sil, \u017ee ak sa p\u00f4vodn\u00fd majite\u013e n\u00e1jde, prepust\u00ed mu \u017eelez\u00e1 za t\u00fa ist\u00fa sumu, ktor\u00fa on za ne zaplatil. Ke\u010f mlyn\u00e1r Petr\u00e1\u0161 Kulhav\u00fd (Kulhavych) pri\u0161iel domov, zves\u0165 o zmiznut\u00ed \u017eeliez sa u\u017e roz\u0161\u00edrila po celom meste\u010dku. Preto vzal zo sebou spolususeda (spoluob\u010dana), p\u00e1na majstra blan\u00e1ra, \u010di\u017ee ko\u017eu\u0161n\u00edka ako svedka a spolu sa vybrali do ne\u010falekej Prietr\u017ee. Ke\u010f sa u richt\u00e1ra znovu preverili v\u0161etky fakty, vyplatili mu dva a pol zlat\u00e9ho a \u017eelez\u00e1 mohli odnies\u0165 domov. Hne\u010f ich aj odovzadali p\u00e1novi richt\u00e1rovi, ktor\u00fd bol ochotn\u00fd z obecnej kasy v\u00fddavok vyplati\u0165, ale mlyn\u00e1r Petr\u00e1\u0161 Kulhav\u00fdch, nech mu to naveky sl\u00fa\u017ei ku cti, si nevzal za \u017eelez\u00e1 ani halier.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pr\u00e1ve pre tento skutok kres\u0165anskej dobro\u010dinnosti, vysl\u00fa\u017eil si z\u00e1pisni\u010dn\u00e9 po\u010fakovanie, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00edsal do obecnej z\u00e1pisnice p\u00e1n not\u00e1r a rechtor Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Smetana. T\u00e1to z\u00e1pisnica sa zachovala v obecnej truhlici a\u017e do prechodu frontu po\u010das druhej svetovej vojny. Vtedy v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dokumentov z truhlice zhorela. Z\u00e1pisnicu v\u0161ak u\u017e predt\u00fdm odp\u00edsal Ladislav Pauliny a od neho soboti\u0161tsk\u00fd k\u0148az Pavel Beblav\u00fd a tak zachoval jej obsah a tento pr\u00edbeh o straten\u00fdch a znovu n\u00e1jden\u00fdch obl\u00e1tkov\u00fdch \u017eelez\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Chcem preto prerozpr\u00e1van\u00edm tohoto skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edbehu z roku 1613 jednak vzda\u0165 \u00factu na\u0161\u00edm predkom, poctiv\u00fdm richt\u00e1rom, obetav\u00fdm p\u00e1nom rektorom a k\u0148azom, kostoln\u00edkom i cirkevn\u00edkom, ak\u00fdm bol Petr\u00e1\u0161 Kulhav\u00fdch, ale aj L.Paul\u00ednymu a skromn\u00e9mu a pracovit\u00e9mu k\u0148azovi Pavlovi\u00a0 <\/span>Beblav\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd t\u00fato \u201cstarinu\u201d, ako on hovorieval, zachovali pre n\u00e1s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Napokon mo\u017eno ako \u201chapyend\u201d doda\u0165, \u017ee tieto obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1, i ke\u010f boli \u010diasto\u010dne po\u0161koden\u00e9 a boli u\u017e dan\u00e9 do star\u00e9ho \u017eeleza sa mi podarilo pred odvezen\u00edm do zbern\u00fdch surov\u00edn zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 a po zre\u0161taurovan\u00ed sa vr\u00e1tia do starej truhlice v soboti\u0161tskom kostole.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u013dubom\u00edr Batka st.<\/p>\n

Pramene:<\/p>\n

Pauliny, Ladislav, in Slovensk\u00e9 poh\u013eady: D\u00e1ta k dejin\u00e1m hradu Bran\u010d, ro\u010d.1888, \u010d.3, s. 67-68,<\/p>\n

Arch\u00edv CZ Soboti\u0161te<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Obl\u00e1tkov\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1 z roku 1613 \u00a0\u00a0 Povolanie evanjelick\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013ea v stredoveku bolo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Na jednej strane cirkevn\u00e1 vrchnos\u0165 \u017eiadala od u\u010dite\u013ea univerzitn\u00e9 vzdelanie, napr\u00edklad z Wittenbergu. Po skon\u010den\u00ed univerzity absolvent neraz \u00faporne h\u013eadal pracovn\u00e9 miesto, preto\u017ee \u0161koly … \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,152,95,159],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia","category-prietrz","category-sobotiste","category-vianoce"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32097"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32098,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32097\/revisions\/32098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}