{"id":34050,"date":"2020-11-07T17:33:52","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T16:33:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-anjelik.sk\/?p=34050"},"modified":"2020-11-07T17:33:52","modified_gmt":"2020-11-07T16:33:52","slug":"biela-hora-400-rokov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/2020\/11\/07\/biela-hora-400-rokov\/","title":{"rendered":"Biela Hora – 400 rokov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201eBiela Hora, Biela Hora,<\/em>
kedy svitne tvoja zora?“<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biela Hora je medzn\u00edkom v hist\u00f3rii \u010desk\u00e9ho\nn\u00e1roda. Kto chce pochopi\u0165 minulos\u0165, politick\u00e9 a kult\u00farne boje pod panovan\u00edm\nHabsburgovcov, revol\u00faciu oslobodenia aj dne\u0161n\u00fd du\u0161evn\u00fd stav, mus\u00ed sa vr\u00e1ti\u0165 k Bielej\nHore, ktor\u00e1 mala vplyv aj na n\u00e1s Slov\u00e1kov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri\u010dinen\u00edm Jana Husa a jeho u\u010den\u00edkov sa stali bratia \u010cesi \u2014 v\u00a0modernom slova zmysle \u2014 n\u00e1rodom. Pra\u017esk\u00e1 univerzita vysielala medzi \u013eud osvieten\u00fdch a n\u00e1rodne c\u00edtiacich pracovn\u00edkov. \u010c\u00edtan\u00edm sa \u0161\u00edril z\u00e1ujem o duchovn\u00e9 veci v \u0161irok\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch, ako toho \u010dasu nikde inde. Priate\u013e-nepriate\u013e mus\u00ed uzna\u0165 obdivuhodn\u00fa schopnos\u0165 a \u00fa\u017easn\u00fa energiu, \u010do tento neve\u013ek\u00fd n\u00e1rod reagovan\u00edm na vtedaj\u0161ie cirkevno-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a kult\u00farno-politick\u00e9 pomery dok\u00e1zal. Na to v\u0161etko v\u0161ak nedbala habsburgsk\u00e1 dynastia hne\u010f od po\u010diatku svojho vl\u00e1dnutia nad krajinami \u010deskej koruny. Svoju politiku zalo\u017eila na protireform\u00e1cii, \u010d\u00edm sa ako R\u00edm tak aj ona musela dosta\u0165 do najostrej\u0161ieho protikladu s\u00a0\u010deskou du\u0161ou a \u010desk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodom. N\u00e1sledky nedali na seba dlho \u010daka\u0165. Hnev n\u00e1roda sa obr\u00e1til v prvom rade na kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch miestodr\u017eite\u013eov Vil\u00e9ma Slavatu a\u00a0Jaroslava Bo\u0159itu z Martinica, ktor\u00fdch na Hrad\u010danoch 23. m\u00e1ja r. 1618 zhodili z okna do priekopy. Zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 stavy si potom vyvolili 30-\u010dlenn\u00e9 direkt\u00f3rium ako vl\u00e1du. Cis\u00e1rske vojsko po tom vpadlo do \u010ciech a vojna sa za\u010dala. V tak\u00fdchto pomeroch sa hl\u00e1sil o tr\u00f3n Ferdinand II., odchovanec jezuitov. S\u013euboval potvrdi\u0165 v\u0161etky pr\u00e1va krajiny. Stavy mu v\u0161ak ned\u00f4verovali. Gr\u00f3f Thurn s \u010desk\u00fdm vojskom obsadil bezm\u00e1la aj Viede\u0148 a gener\u00e1lny snem koruny \u010deskej vyvolil d\u0148a 26. augusta 1619 Fridricha Falck\u00e9ho za kr\u00e1\u013ea. Boj sa t\u00fdmto e\u0161te zostril, a\u017e do\u0161lo k bitke pred Prahou na Bielej Hore 8. novembra 1620.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes je tomu pr\u00e1ve 400 rokov \u010do na\nBielej Hore st\u00e1lo knie\u017ea z Anhaltu s \u010cechmi a proti vojvodca Johann von Tilly a\nMaxmili\u00e1n Bavorsk\u00fd s cis\u00e1rskym vojskom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tilly vyhral bitku v prospech\nFerdinanda. Kr\u00e1\u013e Fridrich u\u0161iel so svojimi do Sliezska. Niektor\u00ed z popredn\u00fdch \u010cechov\nho nasledovali, ostatn\u00ed s\u013e\u00fabili vernos\u0165 v\u00ed\u0165azn\u00e9mu kr\u00e1\u013eovi a domnievali sa, \u017ee\nsa s n\u00edm nejako dohodn\u00fa. Po troch mesiacoch v\u0161ak pri\u0161li z Viedne tajn\u00e9 rozkazy\na Biela Hora vyrastala do obrovskej katastrofy ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. D\u0148a 20.\nfebru\u00e1ra 1621 schytali v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkov odboja, ktor\u00ed e\u0161te neu\u0161li z Prahy.\nPodobne sa tak dialo aj po krajine. Nasledoval \u017eal\u00e1r a mimoriadny s\u00fad.\nOb\u017ealovan\u00fdm zhabali majetok a 21. j\u00fana 1621 padlo na Staromestskom n\u00e1mest\u00ed 27\nhl\u00e1v pod rukou kata (medzi nimi zahynul aj Slov\u00e1k doktor J\u00e1n Jessenius, sl\u00e1vny\nlek\u00e1r a rektor univerzity).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To bol v\u0161ak len po\u010diatok\nprenasledovania, pri\u010dom Ferdinand pri\u010dinen\u00edm nuncia Caraffu a nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch\np\u00e1nov stoto\u017enil svoj z\u00e1ujem so z\u00e1ujmom cirkvi a rekatoliza\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 sa pohla\npln\u00fdm pr\u00fadom. Vypovedali z kr\u00e1\u013eovstva v\u0161etk\u00fdch protestantsk\u00fdch kazate\u013eov\nako aj \u0161\u013eachtu a me\u0161tianstvo, ak sa do cirkvi nenavr\u00e1tili. Tak muselo \u00eds\u0165 do\nvyhnanstva 30000 me\u0161tianskych rod\u00edn a 185 rod\u00edn vy\u0161\u0161ieho stavu. (Z\npoddan\u00e9ho \u013eudu, ktor\u00fd sa nesmel verejne vys\u0165ahova\u0165, u\u0161lo z obavy pred pokatol\u00ed\u010dten\u00edm\nmnoho rod\u00edn tajne nocou horami za hranice). S nimi putoval aj u\u010dite\u013e n\u00e1rodov\nJ\u00e1n Amos Komensk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0164a\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky katastrofy sa\nprejavili okrem toho v zmene \u00fastavy v prospech Habsburgsk\u00e9ho rodu a kr\u00e1\u013eovskej moci,\nv odovzdan\u00ed pra\u017eskej univerzity jezuitom, v osadzovan\u00ed Nemcov, \u0160panielov, v\u00f4bec\ncudzincov na majetky najlep\u0161\u00edch \u010cechov, v ochromen\u00ed kult\u00farneho \u017eivota a v\nhospod\u00e1rskom \u00fapadku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bol to \u00fader, od ktor\u00e9ho div \u017ee\nn\u00e1rod nepri\u0161iel o \u017eivot. A u\u0161tedril ho jeden z prv\u00fdch Habsburgovcov; v jeho\ntrad\u00edci\u00e1ch kr\u00e1\u010dali ostatn\u00ed bezm\u00e1la 300 rokov. Vo svojich snah\u00e1ch \u2014 nech\u00e1puc\ndu\u0161e \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda \u2014 sa v\u017edy opierali o cirkev, \u010d\u00edm \u0161kodili jej aj\nsebe. A v tom je k\u013e\u00fa\u010d dej\u00edn aj dne\u0161n\u00e9ho du\u0161evn\u00e9ho stavu. Minulos\u0165 \u010desk\u00e9ho\nn\u00e1roda musela by\u0165 st\u00e1lym bojom proti dynastii, ktor\u00e1 nepriala ani n\u00e1m Slov\u00e1kom.\nAle pr\u00e1ve to n\u00e1s spojilo, to v najosudnej\u0161\u00edch chv\u00ed\u013each vzbudilo v n\u00e1s odpor a\npripravilo n\u00e1s na ve\u013ek\u00fd de\u0148 okt\u00f3brovej revol\u00facie r. 1918, ke\u010f \u010desk\u00fd a slovensk\u00fd\nn\u00e1rod, poznaj\u00fac seba \u2014 z\u00fa\u010dtoval s Habsburgovskou dynastiou a od\u010dinil por\u00e1\u017eku na\nBielej Hore \u2014 politicky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017dia\u013e, len politicky! N\u00e1sledky bielohorskej katastrofy sa prejavuj\u00fa e\u0161te v\u017edy v du\u0161i n\u00e1roda a s\u00fa mu v pokojnom v\u00fdvine na prek\u00e1\u017eku. Boj proti R\u00edmu, ktor\u00fd sa zhr\u0148uje na boj proti n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu v\u00f4bec, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd indiferentizmus \u2014 na druhej strane zas bezuzdn\u00fd klerikalizmus a cirkevn\u00edcky fanatizmus maj\u00fa tu svoj p\u00f4vod. Jedno vyvol\u00e1va druh\u00e9. To je t\u00e1 horkos\u0165, \u010do n\u00e1m e\u0161te v\u017edy ost\u00e1va v du\u0161i po Bielej Hore. Preto s\u00fa u n\u00e1s cirkevno-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 veci nie tak ot\u00e1zkou rozvahy, ako sk\u00f4r v\u00e1\u0161ne, \u010do je nezdrav\u00e9. Z minulosti mali by sme sa u\u010di\u0165. Komu ide o cirkev, m\u00e1 zbada\u0165, \u017ee sa bezoh\u013eadn\u00fd a najm\u00e4 proti \u017eivotn\u00fdm z\u00e1ujmom a du\u0161i namieren\u00fd pakt s mocou tejto politickou in\u0161tit\u00facii nevyplatil a nevyplat\u00ed. Cirkev m\u00e1 svoje vlastn\u00e9 prostriedky, ktor\u00fdmi pri svedomitej pr\u00e1ci ozajstn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy svoje obr\u00e1ni a hradby opevn\u00ed aj bez politickej moci. Najtr\u00e1pnej\u0161ie je v\u0161ak, \u017ee sa nechceme u\u010di\u0165. Ako pred 400 rokmi st\u00e1li na Bielej Hore vojsk\u00e1 dvoch svetov \u2014 katol\u00edckej ligy a protestantskej \u00fanie \u2014 tak stoj\u00edme my, deti jednej matky, v kult\u00farno n\u00e1bo\u017eenskom a politickom boji dnes proti sebe. Zamyslime sa nad t\u00fdm, zamyslime! Komu to v\u017edy oso\u017eilo a komu oso\u017e\u00ed? Ani cirkvi, ani n\u00e1rodu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto n\u00e1m prich\u00e1dza vola\u0165 do v\u0161etk\u00fdch\nk\u00fatov vlasti v de\u0148 v\u00fdro\u010dia bielohorskej katastrofy: Dolu s bratovra\u017eednou zbra\u0148ou!\n\u010co sa stalo v minulosti zl\u00e9ho, uznajme to, bude n\u00e1m tak mementom pre bud\u00facnos\u0165!\nFormy n\u00e1\u0161ho du\u0161evn\u00e9ho \u017eivota s\u00fa rozli\u010dn\u00e9. Nie jednu nan\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd\nsvoju vyplni\u0165 ovoc\u00edm \u00faprimn\u00e9ho sna\u017eenia po \u010distej\u0161om a dokonalej\u0161om \u017eivote, \u2014\nto n\u00e1m m\u00e1 by\u0165 cie\u013eom! \u010ci v\u0161ak aj bude?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eBiela Hora, Biela Hora,<\/em>
kedy svitne tvoja zora?“<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z my\u0161lienok\nMartina R\u00e1zusa k 300-mu v\u00fdro\u010diu bitky na Bielej Hore uverejnen\u00e9\nv N\u00e1rodn\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch, november 1920 (mierne upraven\u00e9).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eBiela Hora, Biela Hora,kedy svitne tvoja zora?“ Biela Hora je medzn\u00edkom v hist\u00f3rii \u010desk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. Kto chce pochopi\u0165 minulos\u0165, politick\u00e9 a kult\u00farne boje pod panovan\u00edm Habsburgovcov, revol\u00faciu oslobodenia aj dne\u0161n\u00fd du\u0161evn\u00fd stav, mus\u00ed sa vr\u00e1ti\u0165 k Bielej Hore, ktor\u00e1 mala vplyv aj na n\u00e1s Slov\u00e1kov. Pri\u010dinen\u00edm Jana Husa a jeho u\u010den\u00edkov sa stali bratia \u010cesi … \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-obdobie-po-sv-trojici","category-historia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34050"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34052,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34050\/revisions\/34052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-anjelik.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}